雅思閱讀/文章中地位詞的解讀－Dear deer

雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第一種也是最常見的一種變身是“同義替換”，這包含同義詞或同義詞組。
在文章中定位，moral。題目中定位詞為Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to criticism onmoral grounds：Q9的Test4，6劍
我們會在文章第三段中定位到“Selling pharmaceuticals is adaily exercise in ethical judgment”，而其中ethical即為moral的同義詞。
雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第二種變身是“近義替換”，這包含近義詞或近義片語。
劍7，Test1的Q8：However, even before this was understood, the principle hadbeen applied in the design of instruments which calculated the ____ of theseabed。此題為在原文中選詞填空的摘要題，定位詞為“calculate”和“seabed”，在文章中我們會定位到“Before this wasdiscovered, engineers had already built instruments to exploit the principle,for example to measure the depth of the sea under aship”。此處“measure”即為“calculate”的近義詞，而“sea”即為“seabed”的上義詞。
雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第三種變身是“派生詞”。
劍6，Test3的Q33：Monkeys were less likely to becomediabetic。此題為分類題，定位詞為“diabetic”，在文章中定位，我們能定位到句子“…and they have more normal bloodglucose levels(pointing to a reduced risk for diabetes, which is marked byusually high blood glucoselevels)”。題目中定位詞“diabetic”為名詞，意為“糖尿病患者”，而文章中的“diabetes”也為名詞，但意為“糖尿病”，是“diabetic”的派生詞。
雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第四種變身是“反義詞的否定形式”。
Sticking Power中的Q15：What makes sticky insects feet special is the fact thatthey can also detach themselves easily from a surface。
此題屬於人名理論配對，題目中定位詞為 detach。到文章中去定位，我們會定位到“’There are lots of ways to maketwo surfaces stick together, but there are very few which provide precise andreversible attachment’ says StasGorb”，句中attachment實際上為detach的反義詞attach的名詞形式，而reversible表示可逆的，因此 reversibleattachment即為detach的反義詞(組)的否定形式。
雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第五種變身是“上義詞/片語”。
劍6，Test3的Q28：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process ofgrowing old。此題為是非無判斷題，定位詞為“drugs”，在文章中定位，我們能在文章第一段定位到“As researchers on agingnoted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow humanaging –the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increasesvulnerability to infirmity as we get older”。文章中“treatment”即為定位詞“drugs”的上義詞。
雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第六種變身是“下義詞/片語”。
劍5，Test3的Q27：how AI might have a militaryimpact。此題為段落資訊配對題，定位詞為“military”，在文章中定位，我們會在E段定位到“HNC claim that their systembased on a cluster of 30processors, could be used to spot camouflaged vehicleson a battlefield or …”，句中“battlefield”即為“military”的下義詞。
雅思定位詞在文章中出現的第七種變身是“原詞”，即沒有變身。這種情況多發生在定位詞是專有名詞、專業術語或實義名詞時。
劍7，Test3的Q28：Problems in Nordic countries were excluded because they areoutside the European Economic Community，此題為是非無判斷題，定位詞為“Nordiccountries”。在文章中定位，我們能夠在第一段定位到“Those confined to particular geographical areas,such as countries bordering the Mediterranean or the Nordic countries thereforehad to be discarded”，句中的“Nordic countries”即為定位詞原詞。