Dear deer

在雅思寫作中，討論購物與金錢話題時有哪些會頻繁使用的短語&句型呢?分享一些不錯的表達，請結合例句來記憶，將它們靈活且正確地運用在你的雅思作文中~

disposable income

可支配收入

例句

Since they don't have any children and their rent is very cheap, they've a lot of disposable income.

由於他們沒有孩子而且房租也非常便宜，所以他們手頭可支配的收入相當寬裕。

常用的聯想短語或句型

>> conspicuous consumption

=buying expensive things to show people how rich someone is

大手大腳的消費

例句

Many people believe that conspicuous consumption is an antisocial behaviour.

很多人認為大手大腳的消費是一種對社會有害的行為。

>> levy a tax on...

　　= officially request payment of a tax

　　(政府)對......徵稅

　　例句

　　A new tax has been levied an cigarettes.

　　政府開始徵收一項新的香煙稅。

　　be economical

　　經濟實用的，節省開支的

　　例句

　　A small family car is more economical than a large car.

　　一輛小的家用汽車比大型汽車要經濟些。

　　常見的近義短語或句型

　　>> be cost-effective

　　=be economical in terms of the services received for the money spent

　　物有所值的

　　例句

　　We need a cost-effective solution to the problem.

　　我們需要找出一個能解決這個問題的高性價比解決方案。

　　>> be penny-wise and pound-foolish

　　= be extremely careful about small amounts of money but not careful enough about larger amounts

　　貪圖小利吃大虧

　　例句

　　These education budget cuts are really penny-wise and pound-foolish.

　　這份削減教育預算的決議實在是貪小便宜吃大虧。

　　a source of income

　　收入來源

　　例句

　　Edward does not have any other source of income apart from his job

　　除了他的工作，愛德華沒有其他的收入來源了。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> scrimp and save to do sth.

　　=spend very little money because you want to save it to buy sth. expensive

　　(為了將來進行某種很高的消費而) 省吃儉用

　　例句

　　They had to scrimp and save to pay for the holiday.

　　他們為了假期省吃儉用。

　　>> belong to sb.

　　= be owned by sb.

　　屬於某人的財物

　　例句

　　If you take things belonging to the company without permission, you will face disciplinary action.

　　如果你未經許可拿走公司財物。

　　make ends meet

　　勉強保持收支平衡

　　例句

　　My wages were so low I had to take a side job just to make ends meet.

　　我的工資實在是太低了，我還得千另外一份兼職才能勉強保持收支平衡。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> be broke

　　= be completely without money

　　身無分文(請注意這個意思不能說成be broken)

　　例句

　　I'm always broke by the end of the month.

　　我每個月都是月光族。

　　>> abject poverty

　　= extreme poverty

　　極端的貧困

　　例句

　　Over a billion people are still living in abject poverty and each year, over six millionchildren die as a result of malnutrition.

　　有超過10億的人還生活在極端的貧困之中，而且每年有600萬的兒童死于營養不良。

　　the cost of living

　　生活開支

　　例句

　　If you are a student planning on moving to London, one important consideration will be the cost of living there.

　　如果你是一名正準備搬到倫敦的學生，那麼你必須要考慮好生活成本的問題。

　　常用的聯想短語或句型

　　>> standard of living

　　= the type of lice that a person or society has

　　生活水準，生活標準

　　例句

　　Britain has a varied standard of living, from the very affordable to the really expensive.

　　從極易達到的到非常昂貴的,英國有著多樣化的生活標準。

　　>> receipt

　　= a document that you get from someone showing that you have given them money

　　收據

　　例句

　　If you return wanted shoes straightaway , with a receipt，the shop will probably give you a refund.

　　如果你退回不想購買的鞋並附有收據，商店很可能會給你退款。

　　cost sb. a fortune

　　讓某人花了很多錢

　　例句

　　A tank of petrol can cost you a fortune these days.

　　加滿一箱汽油要花費你一筆不菲的錢。

　　常見近義短語或句型

　　>> The bill for...is exorbitant.

　　= being very expensive

　　某物過於昂貴

　　例句

　　The bill for dinner in that restaurant is exorbitant.

　　那家餐館的餐費實在是太昂貴了。

　　>> prohibitively high prices

　　= prices that are so high they prevent people from buying sth.

　　過於高昂的價格

　　例句

　　Apart from the prohibitively high medicine prices, the cost of maintaining medical equipment is rising as well.

　　除了過於高昂的醫療費用，對醫療器械的維護費用也同樣上漲了。

　　常見反義短語或句型

　　>> be free of charge

　　= cost nothing

　　完全免費的

　　例句

　　You can buy two and pay for just one一the other is free of charge.

　　這件商品是買一送一的，贈品完全免費。

　　>> make a fortune

　　= earn a very large amount of money

　　發財

　　例句

　　Even if you don't make a fortune from this herb, there are few sights more attractive than a field of purple coneflowers.

　　即使你不靠這些草藥發財，也很少會有比一望無際的紫色金花菊更吸引人的美景了。

　　the haves and the have-nots

　　有錢人與窮人的總稱

　　例句

　　Unfortunately, the gap between the haves and the have-nots has been widening.

　　不幸的是，貧富之間的鴻溝正在不斷加寬。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> accumulate wealth

　　= collect a large amount of money over a long period of time

　　聚積財富

　　例句

　　Benjamin accumulated much of his wealth through real estate investment.

　　本傑明通過投資房地產積累了很多財富。

　　a status symbol

　　身份與地位的標誌

　　例句

　　Green cars are considered status symbols these days.

　　環保汽車如今被看做是身份的象徵。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> luxury goods

　　goods for which demand increases more than proportionally as income rises

　　奢侈品

　　例句

　　Expensive clothes and accessories are considered luxury goods.

　　昂貴的衣服和首飾被認為是奢侈品。

　　>> commodity

　　= sth. that can be bought and sold

　　商品的較正式說法

　　例句

　　Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities where food supplies were a constant concern.

　　由於食品供應一直令人擔憂，在不斷發展的城鎮中魚是一種極為重要的商品。

　　be acquisitive

　　總想索取的，貪得無厭的

　　例句

　　She's an acquisitive person，always wanting to gain and possess new things.

　　她是一個貪得無厭的人，總是想著去佔有新的東西。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> vanity

　　= being too interested in someone's own abilities or appearance

　　虛榮心，自負

　　例句

　　Reece wants the job purely for the reason of vanity.

　　瑞斯純粹是出於虛榮才想得到那份工作的。

　　tighten one's belt

　　節省開支

　　例句

　　Joel had to tighten his belt since he lost his job.

　　因為丟了工作，喬爾要開始勒緊褲腰帶生活了。

　　常見近義短語或句型

　　>> do sth. on a shoe string

　　= do sth. using very little money

　　花很少的錢去做某事

　　例句

　　This business is run on a shoestring.

　　這份生意是在精打細算的條件下完成的。

　　cannot afford sth.

　　買不起某物

　　例句

　　They can't afford such expensive holidays.

　　他們承擔不起如此昂貴的假期旅行。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> be beyond sb. 's means

　　= be too expensive for sb.

　　超過了某人的消費能力

　　例句

　　The medical charges are beyond the means of needy families.

　　對於那些需要幫助的家庭來說，昂貴的醫療費用只能讓他們望洋興嘆。

　　be dirt-cheap

　　非常便宜的

　　例句

　　The hotel we stayed in was dirt-cheap, but our room was very nice.

　　雖然我們入住的酒店十分便宜，但房間環境卻非常好。

　　常見近義短語或句型

　　>> a bargain

　　= a hover-than-usual price

　　很便宜的

　　例句

　　These shoes are a bargain at just 15 pounds.

　　這些低價鞋只賣15鎊。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> be undervalued

　　= be considered to be worth less than sth. really is

　　價值被低估的

　　例句

　　Smell is probably the most undervalued sense in many cultures.

　　嗅覺大概是在很多文化中最被低估的一種感官。

　　go on a shopping spree

　　瘋狂購物

　　例句

　　Rasie went on a shopping spree this weekend.

　　露絲這週末去商場大血拼了。

　　常見反義短語或句型

　　>> window-shopping

　　= the activity of looking at things in shop windows but not buying anything

　　只著櫥窗但不購買

　　例句

　　Window-shopping is fun for some and frustrating for others.光看不買的行為對一些人來說是種樂趣，而對另一些人來說則十分討厭了。

　　keep track of sth.

　　掌握某事物的動向

　　例句

　　Scarlett found it hard to keep track of her expenses.

　　斯嘉麗發覺要找出她把錢都花在哪兒了可真是一件困難的事。

　　常見反義短語或句型

　　>> loss track of sth.

　　= fail to keep track of sth.

　　失去對某事物動向的瞭解

　　例句

　　Kaya never lost track of her favourite celebrities.

　　凱亞對她最崇拜的偶像從來都是瞭若指掌。

　　fall short

　　不夠，缺少

　　例句

　　We tried to raise eighty thousand pounds，but unfortunately we fell short by about ten thousand.

　　我們計畫募集到80,000英鎊的款額，但不幸的是，最終我們差了大約10,000鎊。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> fall short of one's expectations

　　= is disappointing to someone

　　未能達到某人的期望

　　例句

　　He kept falling short of my expectations.

　　他總是達不到我對他的期望。

　　Only... won't balk at this price.

　　只有..才不會對這種價格望而卻步

　　例句

　　Only well-heeled business people won't balk at this price, especially when buyers can get just 3 hours of battery life.

　　只有(非常富有的人)才不會對這種價格望而卻步，尤其是這個產品只有3個小時的電池壽命。

　　常見近義短語或句型

　　>> a prohihitive price

　　= a price that is too high for the average people

　　價格過於高昂的

　　例句

　　The price of land in London is prohibtive.

　　倫敦的地價過於高昂。

　　covet sth.

　　非常希望得到(別人已經擁有的東西)

　　例句

　　The laptop looks pretty cool and this is the closest I've ever got to actually coveting a Dell laptop.

　　這款筆記型電腦看起來非常不錯，這回我真是頭一次想擁有一台戴爾電腦。

　　常用聯想規語或句型

　　>> envy sb.

　　= want very much to do sth. that sb. else does

　　羡慕某人

　　例句

　　I envy people who are always optimistic.

　　我很羡慕那些始終保持樂觀的人。

　　financial support

　　財務上的支持

　　例句

　　The UN provided financial support to the refugees.

　　聯合國為難民提供經濟援助。

　　常見近義短語或句型

　　>> financial aid

　　= money that an organisation or a government gives to a country or an area

　　經濟援助

　　例句

　　Some people believe that the government should spend less on overseas financial aid.

　　一些人認為政府應該減少在海外援助上的支出。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> financial issue

　　= financial subject that people discuss

　　有關財務或財政的議題

　　例句

　　Financial issues are critical to the goverment.

　　財政問題對於政府而言很關鍵。

　　keep up with the Joneses

　　與他人去攀比

　　例句

　　This society has been having a "keeping up with the Joneses" complex for years and now it's crashing down around its people.

　　這個社會一直有著互相攀比的積習，並且現在人們已經在飽嘗這種惡習的後果了。

　　常用聯想短語或句型

　　>> peer pressure

　　= the influence other people of your age have on the way you behave

　　來自于同輩人的壓力

　　例句

　　Peer pressure can be very disorienting for children.

　　來自于同輩的壓力很容易讓孩子們迷失方向。